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This page contains the summary statistics of participants’ data across the study.

# load packages
source("code/load_packages.R")
Loading required package: permute
Loading required package: lattice
This is vegan 2.5-6
Loading required package: Matrix

Attaching package: 'lmerTest'
The following object is masked from 'package:lme4':

    lmer
The following object is masked from 'package:stats':

    step
-- Attaching packages -------------------------------------- tidyverse 1.3.0 --
v ggplot2 3.3.0     v purrr   0.3.4
v tibble  3.0.1     v dplyr   0.8.5
v tidyr   1.1.0     v stringr 1.4.0
v readr   1.3.1     v forcats 0.5.0
-- Conflicts ----------------------------------------- tidyverse_conflicts() --
x tidyr::expand() masks Matrix::expand()
x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
x dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
x tidyr::pack()   masks Matrix::pack()
x tidyr::unpack() masks Matrix::unpack()

Attaching package: 'data.table'
The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':

    between, first, last
The following object is masked from 'package:purrr':

    transpose
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You have loaded plyr after dplyr - this is likely to cause problems.
If you need functions from both plyr and dplyr, please load plyr first, then dplyr:
library(plyr); library(dplyr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Attaching package: 'plyr'
The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':

    arrange, count, desc, failwith, id, mutate, rename, summarise,
    summarize
The following object is masked from 'package:purrr':

    compact

Attaching package: 'kableExtra'
The following object is masked from 'package:dplyr':

    group_rows

Attaching package: 'gridExtra'
The following object is masked from 'package:dplyr':

    combine
Loading required package: viridisLite
Loading required package: carData
Registered S3 methods overwritten by 'car':
  method                          from
  influence.merMod                lme4
  cooks.distance.influence.merMod lme4
  dfbeta.influence.merMod         lme4
  dfbetas.influence.merMod        lme4

Attaching package: 'car'
The following object is masked from 'package:dplyr':

    recode
The following object is masked from 'package:purrr':

    some

microbiome R package (microbiome.github.com)
    


 Copyright (C) 2011-2019 Leo Lahti, 
    Sudarshan Shetty et al. <microbiome.github.io>

Attaching package: 'microbiome'
The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':

    alpha
The following object is masked from 'package:vegan':

    diversity
The following object is masked from 'package:base':

    transform

********************************************************
Note: As of version 1.0.0, cowplot does not change the
  default ggplot2 theme anymore. To recover the previous
  behavior, execute:
  theme_set(theme_cowplot())
********************************************************

Attaching package: 'cowplot'
The following object is masked from 'package:patchwork':

    align_plots
# get data
source("code/get_cleaned_data.R")
Joining, by = c("SubjectID", "Age", "Ethnicity", "Gender", "Intervention")
Warning: Column `Ethnicity` joining factor and character vector, coercing into
character vector
Warning: Column `Gender` joining factor and character vector, coercing into
character vector
Warning: Column `Intervention` joining factor and character vector, coercing
into character vector
Joining, by = "SubjectID"
Joining, by = c("SubjectID", "Week")

Participant Demographics

Summarize by Week

mydata <- microbiome_data$meta.dat %>%
  mutate(female = ifelse(Gender == "F", 1, 0),
         c.age = Age - mean(Age),
         IntB = ifelse(Intervention == "B", 1, 0),
         Stress = Stress.Scale,
         hispanic = ifelse(Ethnicity %in% c("White", "Asian", "Native America"), 1, 0),
         BMI = Weight_pre/((Height_cm/100)**2))

sumTab <- mydata %>%
  dplyr::group_by(Week) %>%
  dplyr::summarise(N = n(),
            Age_Mean = mean(Age),
            Age_SD = sd(Age),
            Weight_kg_M = mean(Weight_kg),
            Weight_kg_SD = sd(Weight_kg),
            Height_cm_M = mean(Height_cm),
            Height_cm_SD = sd(Height_cm))

kable(sumTab, format="html", digits=1) %>%
  kable_styling(full_width = T)
Week N Age_Mean Age_SD Weight_kg_M Weight_kg_SD Height_cm_M Height_cm_SD
1 11 27.8 2.0 71.2 10.7 164.0 8.2
4 10 28.0 2.1 71.5 11.3 164.1 8.6
8 7 27.9 2.3 73.3 8.8 162.6 5.7
12 9 28.0 2.2 69.8 10.5 161.9 5.2

Baseline Only for Significance Test

sumTab <- mydata %>%
  dplyr::filter(Week==1) %>%
  dplyr::group_by(Intervention) %>%
  dplyr::summarise(N = n(),
            PercentMale = (1 - mean(female))*100,
            Age_Mean = mean(Age),
            Age_SD = sd(Age),
            Weight_kg_M = mean(Weight_kg),
            Weight_kg_SD = sd(Weight_kg),
            Height_cm_M = mean(Height_cm),
            Height_cm_SD = sd(Height_cm),
            BMI_M = mean(BMI),
            BMI_SD = sd(BMI),
            VFL_M = mean(Visceral_Fat_Level_pre),
            VFL_SD = sd(Visceral_Fat_Level_pre),
            PercBF_M = mean(Perc_Body_Fat_pre),
            PercBF_SD = sd(Perc_Body_Fat_pre),
            PercLF_M = mean(LBM_pre),
            PercLF_SD = sd(LBM_pre),
            HEI_Total_M = mean(HEI_Total, na.rm=T),
            HEI_Total_SD = sd(HEI_Total, na.rm=T))

sumTab <- t(sumTab)
M <- sumTab[rownames(sumTab) %like% "_M",]
SD <- sumTab[rownames(sumTab) %like% "_SD",]
tab <- cbind(M, SD)
tab <- tab[, c(1,3,2,4)]
Ng <- c(sumTab[2,1], NA, sumTab[2,2], NA)
PercentMale <- c(sumTab[3,1], NA, sumTab[3,2], NA)

tab <- rbind(Ng, PercentMale, tab)
colnames(tab) <- c("GroupA_Mean","GroupA_SD", "GroupB_Mean", "GroupB_SD")

tab <- apply(tab, 1:2, as.numeric)
#tab

Next, we conducted Mann-Whitney-U test to compare distributions across intervention vs. placebo groups.

dat <- filter(mydata, Week == 1)

VAR <- c("Age", "Weight_kg", "Height_cm", "BMI", "Visceral_Fat_Level_pre", "Perc_Body_Fat_pre", "LBM_pre", "HEI_Total")
out <- numeric(length(VAR))

i <- 1
for(i in 1:length(VAR)){
  fit <- wilcox.test(dat[,VAR[i]] ~ dat$IntB)
  out[i] <- fit$p.value
}
Warning in wilcox.test.default(x = c(27, 28, 30, 26, 26, 27), y = c(32, : cannot
compute exact p-value with ties
Warning in wilcox.test.default(x = c(157.5, 184.2, 161.3, 163.8, 161.3, : cannot
compute exact p-value with ties
Warning in wilcox.test.default(x = c(17, 7, 6, 9, 9, 5), y = c(12, 13, 7, :
cannot compute exact p-value with ties
Warning in wilcox.test.default(x = c(44.3, 20.1, 24.6, 30.8, 33.4, 25.3), :
cannot compute exact p-value with ties
Warning in wilcox.test.default(x = c(22.2, 39.4, 26.1, 29.8, 22.2, 21.5), :
cannot compute exact p-value with ties
Warning in wilcox.test.default(x = c(88.8, 89.4, 89.13, 89.49, 90), y = c(90, :
cannot compute exact p-value with ties
out <- c(NA, NA, out)
out <- matrix(out, ncol=1)
colnames(out) <- "P_Value"
tab <- cbind(tab, out)

kable(tab, format="html", digits=3) %>%
  kable_styling(full_width = T)
GroupA_Mean GroupA_SD GroupB_Mean GroupB_SD P_Value
Ng 6.000 NA 5.000 NA NA
PercentMale 33.333 NA 40.000 NA NA
Age_Mean 27.333 1.506 28.400 2.608 0.638
Weight_kg_M 68.967 12.199 73.880 9.238 0.537
Height_cm_M 164.267 10.067 163.584 6.309 0.927
BMI_M 25.460 3.127 27.516 1.724 0.247
VFL_M 8.833 4.309 10.200 2.950 0.405
PercBF_M 29.750 8.551 32.340 4.999 0.464
PercLF_M 26.867 6.908 27.860 3.996 0.407
HEI_Total_M 89.364 0.446 89.817 0.365 0.201
tab <- as.data.frame(tab)
#write.csv(tab,paste0(w.d, "/tab/table_1_results.csv"))

numbers by ASA24, FFQ, Stool, and Blood Samples

ASA24

asa24 <- microbiome_data$meta.dat

# If the recall number is missing, then they didn't response so we need to exclude them in the count.

asa24 %>%
  dplyr::group_by(Week)%>%
  filter(is.na(RecallNo)==F)%>%
  dplyr::summarise(N=n())
# A tibble: 4 x 2
  Week      N
  <fct> <int>
1 1         9
2 4         7
3 8         4
4 12        2

Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)

HEI scores were only gathered at onetime point. So, we need to subset to only 1 week then exclude the missing observations.

ffq <- microbiome_data$meta.dat

ffq %>%
  dplyr::filter(Week == 1, is.na(HEI_Total)==F)%>%
  dplyr::summarise(N = n())
  N
1 9

Stool Samples

Nvec <- matrix(ncol=1, nrow=5, dimnames = list(c("Total", "Week1", "Week4", "Week8", "Week12"), c("N")))

# total number of samples
Nvec[1,1] <- nsamples(phylo_data)

# week 1
subph <- subset_samples(phylo_data, Week == 1)
Nvec[2,1] <- nsamples(subph)

# week 4
subph <- subset_samples(phylo_data, Week == 4)
Nvec[3,1] <- nsamples(subph)

# week 8
subph <- subset_samples(phylo_data, Week == 8)
Nvec[4,1] <- nsamples(subph)

# week 12
subph <- subset_samples(phylo_data, Week == 12)
Nvec[5,1] <- nsamples(subph)

Nvec
        N
Total  37
Week1  11
Week4  10
Week8   7
Week12  9

Blood Samples

# Blood Samples
blood_data <- read_excel("data/Blood measures data/Copy of Fiber Study Blood Results.xlsx")

meta_data <- microbiome_data$meta.dat

keepVar <- c("SubjectID","Week", "Intervention", "Stress.Scale", "Ethnicity", "Gender", "Age")
meta_data <- meta_data [, keepVar] %>%
  filter(Week == 1)

blood_data <- full_join(blood_data, meta_data)
Joining, by = "SubjectID"
blood_data <- distinct(blood_data, SubjectID, time,.keep_all = T)

blood_data %>%
  dplyr::group_by(time) %>%
  dplyr::summarise(N=n())
# A tibble: 2 x 2
  time      N
  <chr> <int>
1 Post     11
2 Pre      11

sessionInfo()
R version 3.6.3 (2020-02-29)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 18362)

Matrix products: default

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252 
[2] LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252   
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C                          
[5] LC_TIME=English_United States.1252    

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
 [1] cowplot_1.0.0     microbiome_1.8.0  car_3.0-8         carData_3.0-4    
 [5] gvlma_1.0.0.3     patchwork_1.0.0   viridis_0.5.1     viridisLite_0.3.0
 [9] gridExtra_2.3     xtable_1.8-4      kableExtra_1.1.0  plyr_1.8.6       
[13] data.table_1.12.8 readxl_1.3.1      forcats_0.5.0     stringr_1.4.0    
[17] dplyr_0.8.5       purrr_0.3.4       readr_1.3.1       tidyr_1.1.0      
[21] tibble_3.0.1      ggplot2_3.3.0     tidyverse_1.3.0   lmerTest_3.1-2   
[25] lme4_1.1-23       Matrix_1.2-18     vegan_2.5-6       lattice_0.20-38  
[29] permute_0.9-5     phyloseq_1.30.0  

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] Rtsne_0.15          minqa_1.2.4         colorspace_1.4-1   
 [4] rio_0.5.16          ellipsis_0.3.1      rprojroot_1.3-2    
 [7] XVector_0.26.0      fs_1.4.1            rstudioapi_0.11    
[10] fansi_0.4.1         lubridate_1.7.8     xml2_1.3.2         
[13] codetools_0.2-16    splines_3.6.3       knitr_1.28         
[16] ade4_1.7-15         jsonlite_1.6.1      workflowr_1.6.2    
[19] nloptr_1.2.2.1      broom_0.5.6         cluster_2.1.0      
[22] dbplyr_1.4.4        BiocManager_1.30.10 compiler_3.6.3     
[25] httr_1.4.1          backports_1.1.7     assertthat_0.2.1   
[28] cli_2.0.2           later_1.0.0         htmltools_0.4.0    
[31] tools_3.6.3         igraph_1.2.5        gtable_0.3.0       
[34] glue_1.4.1          reshape2_1.4.4      Rcpp_1.0.4.6       
[37] Biobase_2.46.0      cellranger_1.1.0    vctrs_0.3.0        
[40] Biostrings_2.54.0   multtest_2.42.0     ape_5.3            
[43] nlme_3.1-144        iterators_1.0.12    xfun_0.14          
[46] openxlsx_4.1.5      rvest_0.3.5         lifecycle_0.2.0    
[49] statmod_1.4.34      zlibbioc_1.32.0     MASS_7.3-51.5      
[52] scales_1.1.1        hms_0.5.3           promises_1.1.0     
[55] parallel_3.6.3      biomformat_1.14.0   rhdf5_2.30.1       
[58] curl_4.3            yaml_2.2.1          stringi_1.4.6      
[61] highr_0.8           S4Vectors_0.24.4    foreach_1.5.0      
[64] BiocGenerics_0.32.0 zip_2.0.4           boot_1.3-24        
[67] rlang_0.4.6         pkgconfig_2.0.3     evaluate_0.14      
[70] Rhdf5lib_1.8.0      tidyselect_1.1.0    magrittr_1.5       
[73] R6_2.4.1            IRanges_2.20.2      generics_0.0.2     
[76] DBI_1.1.0           foreign_0.8-75      pillar_1.4.4       
[79] haven_2.3.0         whisker_0.4         withr_2.2.0        
[82] mgcv_1.8-31         abind_1.4-5         survival_3.1-8     
[85] modelr_0.1.8        crayon_1.3.4        utf8_1.1.4         
[88] rmarkdown_2.1       grid_3.6.3          blob_1.2.1         
[91] git2r_0.27.1        reprex_0.3.0        digest_0.6.25      
[94] webshot_0.5.2       httpuv_1.5.2        numDeriv_2016.8-1.1
[97] stats4_3.6.3        munsell_0.5.0